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1 envelope
Building envelope, such as walls and roof of the general building more attention. The following is from the energy saving on the doors and windows stated:
The total consumption of 1.1 control window and wall area of ​​building heat loss through the outside window by hot drawing of 35% to 45% under the premise of ensuring indoor lighting; reasonably determine the window to wall ratio is very important. General provisions shall not be towards the window to wall ratio greater than the following figures: North to 25 percent; East, and 30%; South to 35 percent.
1.2 improve the gas-tight doors and windows of the number of room air to 0.5 h-1, 0.8 h,-1 buildings York air conditioning maintenance, cooling consumption can be reduced by 8%, so the design should be well sealed doors and windows. Add a confined bar is an important means to improve the gas-tight doors and windows. Closed bar should adopt a flexible set connected firmly tight, durable products. According to the specific circumstances of the doors and windows, respectively, using different seals. Combination, such as rubber, plastic strips or rubber and plastic sealing strip, its shape can strip or red form. Available paste, squeeze tight or nail knot method fixed.
2, air conditioning, hot and cold source
Central air-conditioning energy consumption generally consists of three parts. Cold and heat sources; 2 air conditioning units and terminal equipment; water or air conveyor system. The three parts of energy consumption, about half of the cold and heat source power consumption of the total energy consumption, air-conditioning energy saving. Here to talk about on the ice storage system to the host of energy saving. The ice storage system: the required cooling load in building air-conditioning, in whole or in part in the time of preparation of non-use of air conditioning energy Xucun up for air conditioning. The total energy consumption in the system host, but in electricity low peak electricity in peak use less or do not have electricity – balance of power grid peak and valley load, slow down the construction of power plants and power supply facilities, a recommended energy-saving methods. Use of thermal storage system, there are two kinds of load management strategies could be considered. When there are differences in electricity prices at different times, we can all load transfer to the time of cheap electricity. Can choose a traditional chillers to to Xucun enough energy, the entire load is transferred to the time to go outside of the peak, which is called the energy storage system.
In this way are often used in the original chiller conversion works, just add a set of storage equipment and assistive devices, but should pay attention to the original chiller for ice storage system. This approach is also applicable to special buildings, you need instantaneous release a large number of cold, such as the gymnasium building. In the new building, part of the energy storage system is the most practical, but also an investment in effective load management strategies. This load balancing method, the chillers run continuously, it is used at night to the refrigeration Xucun use the Xucun the cooling capacity to provide cooling for the building during the day. The number of run-time extended from 14 hours to 24 hours, you can get the lowest average load. Need to greatly reduce electricity costs, while the chiller\\ s cooling capacity can also be reduced by 50-60% or more. Hangzhou on several projects such as: Construction Bank branch office in Hangzhou, Hangzhou new Jingfu department store\\ s practice shows that the energy of the system of economic indicators) in the range of 25-35%.
The domestic fan coil air conditioning units and terminal equipment from the overall level compared with the similar foreign products similar, but with foreign advanced level, the main difference is power consumption, the weight of the coil and noise. Design to the intended selection of weight light unit cooling fan power (heat) volume units. Air conditioning units should be selected unit fan flow, a reasonable match pressure, air leakage less air transport coefficient units. The following energy-saving air conditioning units, variable air volume system: the basic requirements of the whole air conditioning system design is to transport a sufficient number of decided to wave air-conditioned room, indoor heat and I wet to absorb certain air, which to maintain the indoor temperature and humidity.
Constant air volume air conditioning system for the service in more than one room (or area), after the air-conditioning equipment air supply air temperature must, in order to adapt to a room, ask (or regional) load change often requires a re- thermal device in order to maintain the temperature and humidity of the room (or area) within the required range, otherwise, sent to each room (or area) to the air flow is obtained by the maximum load air volume and air temperature the same part of the load in the room (or area) is bound to have a cold phenomenon. Forced air cooling dehumidification treated and the need to re-heat treatment, this hot and cold offset process is obviously a waste of energy.
For the most comfort air conditioning requirements and does not require very strict control of temperature and humidity. VAV systems can overcome these shortcomings, it can change to the room (or area) to go the way of the wind, to meet the changing needs of these local load. Of course, the total air volume of the entire system is also changing. Therefore, the variable air volume system in the operation of an energy-saving air-conditioning system. In a large-scale civil construction, the maximum load in each of the room toward the day does not appear at the same time. It to the room air volume and the total air volume is fixed, and thus only the maximum load of each room to design air volume, constant air volume system. VAV systems can be adapted to load the same time each day toward the room is not in the maximum needs of the transport air volume air conditioning system (actually transport energy) can be carried out by each toward the room between the building transfer, thus the total system design air volume can be reduced. In this way, air-conditioning equipment capacity can be reduced, can save the investment in equipment costs, further reducing the operating energy of the system.
4, the chilled water system
Transmission and distribution of electricity, air conditioning water system during the winter heating accounts for about 20% -25% of the whole building power of electricity; summer cooling period of about 12% -24%, so the water system energy saving is also important. At present, air-conditioning water system there are many problems, such as 1 to select the pump nameplate parameters to find the pump samples according to the design value, rather than the pump characteristic curve of the selected pump; (2) Each water loop hydraulic balance calculation.
Did not take effective measures on the pressure difference between the different loops, so the hydraulic, heat disorders, serious; big flow, small temperature difference is widespread, the design, supply and return water temperature generally take 5 ° C, but after the summer of measured chilled water system better for the return water temperature is 4 ° C, the poor only 2-2.5 ° C, resulting in more than 1.5 times of actual flow than the design water, the water system power consumption dramatically increased. Energy conservation of the water system from the following aspects: the design should pay attention to the water system design, carry out a water system loop design calculations, and take appropriate measures to ensure that all loop hydraulic balance. Carefully checked and calculation of the correlation coefficient of the air-conditioning water system, the effective implementation of the required value of the energy efficiency design standards, and actively promote the energy-saving measures of the Variable Speed ​​Pump, winter and summer dual-use two-speed pump.
5, the active use of the Soil Heat
In southern China air-conditioning systems with air source heat pump as a heat source, due to the outdoor unit by seasonal temperature changes to the laws in ambient air, the higher the condensing temperature corresponding to the summer cooling load greater; we all know, the refrigeration system high and low of the cooling water inlet temperature has an important impact on the host power consumption; general projections in the water under certain circumstances, the inlet temperature to be increased by 1 ° C, the compressor main electrical energy consumption increased by about 2% lithium bromide host energy consumption increased by about 6% . To this end if to find a better source of heat in the form to replace or partially replace the use of the air heat source, will no doubt have broad application prospects and significant energy savings. Compared with the ambient air on the ground, five meters underground annual soil temperature is stable and approximately equal to the annual average temperature, relatively low condensing temperature and high evaporation temperature in summer and winter respectively. Therefore, in principle, the soil is better than the ambient air heat pump system to heat and cold sources.
Previous studies have shown that the main advantages of the soil source heat pump: significant energy savings, comparable air source heat pump system energy saving is about 20%; do not need to defrost of the underground heat exchanger, reducing the energy consumption of winter defrost; because the soil has good regenerative properties, and solar energy associated with improved winter operating conditions; underground heat exchanger in the underground static suction heat, reducing air-conditioning system to heat and noise of the air pollution. Therefore, if the soil source heat pump instead of air source heat pump, it will definitely save energy and are likely to form a new air conditioning products.